能源和人工智能—世界能源展望特别报告（英）

World Energy Outlook Special ReportEnergy and AI䥅䄮INTERNATIONAL ENERGYAGENCYIEA Member countries: Australia Austria BelgiumCanadaCzech Republic DenmarkEstoniaFinland France Germany Greece HungaryIreland ItalyJapanKoreaLatviaLithuania Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand NorwayPoland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Republic of Türkiye United Kingdom United StatesThe European Commission also participates in the work of the IEAIEA Association countries: Argentina BrazilChinaEgyptIndiaIndonesiaKenyaMoroccoSenegalSingaporeSouth AfricaThailandUkraineThe IEA examines the full spectrum of energy issues including oil, gas and coal supply and demand, renewable energy technologies, electricity markets, energy efficiency, access to energy, demand side management and much more. Through its work, the IEA advocates policies that will enhance the reliability, affordability and sustainability of energy in its 32 Member countries, 13 Association countries and beyond. Please note that this publication is subject to specific restrictions that limit its use and distribution. The terms and conditions are available online at www.iea.org/termsThis publication and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area.Source: IEA.International Energy Agency Website: www.iea.orgForeword 3 Foreword In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has soared to the top of the political and business agenda. Once a mostly academic pursuit, it has evolved into an industry with trillions of dollars at stake. Despite significant uncertainties, it is now very clear: AI is coming. In many sectors, it is already here. This has major consequences for the global energy sector. There is no AI without energy – specifically electricity. At the same time, AI has the potential to transform the sector’s future. However, policy makers and the market have often lacked the tools to fully understand these wide-ranging impacts. Recognising this gap, the International Energy Agency (IEA) stepped up to address it by leveraging our expertise in data collection and analysis, as well as our convening power, to inform and strengthen the global dialogue on these issues. We began a new workstream on the nexus of energy and AI over a year ago, which has resulted in a series of key activities and outputs, culminating in this special report. In December 2024, we held the Global Conference on Energy and AI, the largest international gathering on the matter to date, at our headquarters in Paris. It brought together policy makers, the tech sector, the energy industry and international experts to discuss the critical issues at play. This helped lay groundwork for the AI Action Summit, co-chaired by President Emmanuel Macron of France and Prime Minister Narendra Modi of India, in February 2025 – an event to which the IEA made