电池储能系统报告2024（英）

Battery Energy Storage Systems Report November 1, 2024 This document was prepared by Idaho National Laboratory under an agreement with and funded by the U.S. Department of Energy. Page 2 of 91 DISCLAIMER This information was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the U.S. Government. Neither the U.S. Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, expressed or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness, of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. References herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the U.S. Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the U.S. Government or any agency thereof. Page 3 of 91 Table of Contents Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 11 Methodology ..................................................................................................................... 12 Use Cases, Penetration, and Functions of Grid Scale BESS ..................................................... 13 Interconnection Timelines ............................................................................................... 16 Selected Use Cases for BESS ......................................................................................... 17 Overall Summary of Functions ................................................................................. 17 Regional Performance - California ........................................................................... 20 Regional Performance - Hawaii ................................................................................ 22 Regional Performance - Texas ................................................................................. 22 Known Operational Issues and Events ........................................................................... 23 Moss Landing ............................................................................................................ 23 Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC) Heat Event ............................... 24 Failure Data Analyses and Root Cause for BESS ................................................... 25 Technical BESS Architecture, Components, and Functions ...................................................... 25 Component Functions ...................................................................................................... 27 Battery Management Systems and Environmental Control ................................... 27 Inverters ..............................