世界银行-发展中国家道路运输的清洁氢气（英）

Clean Hydrogen for Road Transport in Developing CountriesM A R C H 2 0 2 5W E N X I N Q I A O , B I N YA M R E J A , R O H A N S H A HPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure Authorized© 2025 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank1818 H Street NWWashington DC 20433Telephone: 202-473-1000Internet: www.worldbank.orgSome rights reserved.This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent.The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, or currency of the data included in this work and does not assume responsibility for any errors, omissions, or discrepancies in the information, or liability with respect to the use of or failure to use the information, methods, processes, or conclusions set forth. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries.Nothing herein shall constitute or be construed or considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved.Rights and PermissionsThe material in this work is subject to copyright. Because The World Bank encourages dissemination of its knowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes as long as full attribution to this work is given.Attribution—Please cite the work as follows: “Wenxin Qiao, Binyam Reja, and Rohan Shah. 2025. Clean Hydrogen for Road Transport in Developing Countries. Mobility and Transport Connectivity Series. © World Bank.”All queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to World Bank Publications, The World Bank Group, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2625; e-mail: pubrights@worldbank.org.Cover photo: © Scharfsinn/ShutterstockCover design: Circle Graphics, Inc.Clean Hydrogen for Road Transport in Developing CountriesiContentsContentsFOREWORD vACKNOWLEDGMENTS viiEXECUTIVE SUMMARY viiiABBREVIATIONS xviiCHAPTER 1: HYDROGEN MOBILITY IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES 1Hydrogen Economy in the Transport Sector 2Fuel Cell vs. Competing Vehicle Technologies 3Hydrogen Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEV) 3Fuel Cell Electric vs. Hydrogen Internal Combustion Vehicles 4Fuel Cell Electric vs. Battery Electric Vehicles 6Opportunities and Challenges of Hydrogen Mobility 8Vehicle Technology Improvements and Capital Cost Reduction 8Market Opportunities 9Challenges 11Motivation for an Economic Assessment of Hydrogen Mobility 12Organization of the Report 12References 12CHAPTER 2: HYDROGEN PRODUCTION AND COST ESTIMATION 16A