联合国工业发展组织发布《2022年工业发展报告》

THE FUTURE OF INDUSTRIALIZATIONIN A POST-PANDEMIC WORLD2022INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT REPORT THE FUTURE OF INDUSTRIALIZATIONIN A POST-PANDEMIC WORLDINDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2022Copyright © 2021 United Nations Industrial Development OrganizationThe designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.Designations such as “developed,” “industrialized” and “developing” are intended for statistical convenience and do not necessarily express a judgment about the state reached by a particular country or area in the development process.The mention of firm names or commercial products does not imply endorsement by UNIDO.Material in this publication may be freely quoted or reprinted, but acknowledgement is requested, together with a copy of the publication containing the quotation or reprint.For reference and citation, please use: United Nations Industrial Development Organization, 2021. Industrial Development Report 2022. The Future of Industrialization in a Post-Pandemic World. Vienna.UNIDO ID/450 Sales Number: E.22.II.B.1 ISBN: 978-92-1-106457-5 eISBN: 978-92-1-001150-1iiiContents Page xi Foreword xiii Acknowledgements xv Technical notes and abbreviations xvi Glossary 1 Overview The future of industrialization in a post-pandemic world 2 COVID-19 and the importance of industrialization 7 Who were the most affected? 11 Why did some countries do better? 18 What can we expect for the future? 24 How can we build a better future? 30 NotesPart A The future of industrialization in a post-pandemic world 33 Chapter 1 Resilience in the time of COVID-19: The role of industry 33 Introduction 33 From epidemic to global recession and beyond 42 Mapping the crisis 53 Why did some countries do better? Factors shaping socioeconomic resilience 65 An urgent need for international policy coordination to tackle global divides 67 Notes 69 Chapter 2 Dealing with the pandemic: Responses from firms and governments 69 Introduction 71 The pandemic crisis and socioeconomic resilience: From countries to firms 73 Robustness: Resisting the pandemic crisis 85 Readiness: Responding and adapting to a new normal 94 Supporting resilience: An industrial policy response 101 Shaping the future of industrialization today: Capabilities and industrial policy 103 NotesivContents Page 105 Chapter 3 COVID-19 and the megatrends shaping the future of industrial development 105 Introduction 106 The pandemic’s stamp on the global industrial landscape 107 Ongoing megatrends of industrial development 119 Key drivers of post-pandemic industrialization 125 Industrial capabilities: Key to resilience in a post-pandemic world 126 Notes 129 Chapter 4 Building back better: The need to improve industrial policies and enhance international coordination