国际劳工组织监测报告第9版（英）

X ILO Monitor on the world of work. Ninth edition 23 May 2022Key messagesLatest labour market developmentsStrict, economy-wide workplace closures have been phased out in most countriesWhile new multiple global crises are unfolding, restrictive measures relating to COVID-19 are being lifted around the world. Workplace closures in their strictest forms (economy-wide required closures for all but essential workplaces) have been largely phased out. Only East Asia has recently seen an increase in the number of workers affected by strict measures.Positive trends in hours worked have stalled and risk being reversedThe number of hours worked in the world has deteriorated in the first quarter of 2022 and remains 3.8 per cent below the level of the fourth quarter of 2019 (the pre-crisis benchmark), equivalent to a deficit of 112 million full-time jobs, indicating a significant setback in the recovery process. Recent containment measures in China account for the bulk of the global decline. These estimates for the first quarter of 2022 present a marked deterioration compared to the ILO’s previous projections of January 2022 (2.4 per cent below the pre-crisis level, equivalent to 70 million full-time jobs).1The conflict in Ukraine has had not only a regional impact but has also hit the global economy by increasing inflation, especially in food and energy prices, and disrupting global supply chains. In addition, heightened financial turbulence and monetary policy tightening is likely to have a broader impact on labour markets around the world in the months to come. There is a growing but uncertain risk of a further deterioration in hours worked over 2022.1 The World Employment and Social Outlook: Trends 2022 projected that the annual average deficit in hours worked in 2022 would stand at 52 million full-time equivalent jobs. The figure presented here is derived from the underlying quarterly projections made for that report.2 Weekly hour estimates refer to hours worked of paid work and do not include unpaid domestic work or care for others.The gender gap in hours worked remains large, despite positive developments in high-income countriesThe recovery is not closing the gender gap in hours worked in employment,2 which was already considerable prior to, and widened further, during the crisis. While some progress has been made in reducing the gap in high-income countries, women globally now spend 18.9 hours weekly in employment, or 57 per cent of average hours worked by men (33.4 hours).Great divergences in employment and labour income persistBy the end of 2021, employment had returned to pre-crisis levels or even exceeded them in the majority of high-income countries, while deficits persisted in most middle-income economies. Overall, global labour income surpassed its pre-crisis level by 0.9 per cent in 2021, driven by high-income countries and China. However, this general trend conceals considerable disparities. In 2021, three out of five workers lived in coun