世界经济论坛-大查科：通往可持续未来的道路（英）

The Gran Chaco: Pathways Towards a Sustainable FutureW H I T E P A P E RM A R C H 2 0 2 5In collaboration with Tropical Forest Alliance and REVER Consulting Images: Getty Images, © Hernan Perez Aguirre | Greenpeace, Flickr, Fundación SolidaridadDisclaimer This document is published by the World Economic Forum as a contribution to a project, insight area or interaction. The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed herein are a result of a collaborative process facilitated and endorsed by the World Economic Forum but whose results do not necessarily represent the views of the World Economic Forum, nor the entirety of its Members, Partners or other stakeholders.© 2025 World Economic Forum. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system.ContentsForeword 3Executive summary 41 The Gran Chaco: a South American giant at a crossroads 82 From local farms to global markets: the Chaco’s role 15 in food supply chains 3 Unsustainable practices weaken Gran Chaco’s ecosystem 25 and productivity 3.1 Historical significance, cultural and demographic diversity 253.2 Biodiversity and environmental services 273.3 Land-use change, vulnerabilities and socio-economic 28 consequences 4 Unlocking Gran Chaco’s potential: pathways for sustainable 32 development 4.1 Policy-making pathways for a resilient Gran Chaco 334.2 Leveraging innovative financial mechanisms 39 to incentivize sustainability 4.3 From farm to industry: harnessing private sector 41 opportunities for sustainable development 4.4 Building resilient, multi-stakeholder governance to navigate 43 political shifts and drive sustainable development 5 Call to action 46Conclusion 49Annex 50Contributors 52Endnotes 54The Gran Chaco: Pathways Towards a Sustainable Future2ForewordThe Gran Chaco is at a crossroads. Spanning more than a million square kilometres across Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia and Brazil, it is one of the largest remaining dry forest ecosystems in the world. It is also one increasingly at risk. While much attention has been focused on South America’s other great forested landscapes, the Gran Chaco has quietly endured decades of deforestation and degradation, largely driven by unsustainable agricultural expansion. In the past two decades alone, more than 13 million hectares of forest – an area larger than England – have been lost.But the story of the Gran Chaco is not just one of loss; it is also a story of potential. This vast and diverse region, home to more than 5.6 million Indigenous People, is a critical carbon sink, a biodiversity hotspot and a driver of economic opportunity. It is a place where sustainable production and protection do not have to be at odds. Instead, they can reinforce each other – if we get the incentives and governance right.That is what makes this report so important. It provides a roadmap for